Ethical Behavior in the Workplace Essay Example For Students

Moral Behavior in the Workplace Essay Moral Behavior in the Workplace Importance Ethical conduct is the thing that all vocation individuals should mean to have. The moral qualities as well as excellent conduct with this respect. This is on the grounds that to fabricate a vocation, you should be represented by rules of morals to defend you and others. Morals simply focus on close to home direct. It includes individual decisions that can represent the deciding moment you in your work spot or business. The significant significance of having great lead is to keep up an elevated level of regard for individuals as well as for the calling in which you hail from. Which means Moral conduct is a quite wide subject and it may not generally be anything but difficult to know the various limits. In any case, in your profession there are sure limits that have been set and various arrangements that have been shaped to direct what you do. At the end of the day, as an expert, you have to know the things you ought not do. Various associations have a moral code of conduct. Far beyond this, various callings have morals codes that are not to be abused. The primary meaning of morals is that it is a way of thinking which tries to maintain different principal gives that for the most part address profound quality, etc. There are numerous things that you can pick up from having great social morals in the working environment. Advantages Ethical conduct in your vocation will do you so much good. Interestingly, it can grow a business to incredible statures. This is on the grounds that doing what you ought to do will build up a control which will push your work practices to an elevated level and set an exclusive expectation. It has been believed to advance cooperation among laborers. This is on the grounds that there is extraordinary regard put in principal issues in the work place. It additionally fabricates certainty which will mean trust among laborers. Trust in your profession is one priceless quality that can clear approach to advance and incredible achievement. Handy Application It is doing the basic things that will make you a moral individual as you build up your vocation. For instance, being straightforward and coming clean grinding away is a moral activity. Something else is having regard and the correct disposition. In all actuality, these characteristics are getting rarer in professions. Apply these ethics today and watch yourself create at fill in as well as in your life also.

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Promoting Plan - Research Paper Example Sylva make-up pack will contain the best fixings that will guarantee the make-up doesn't blur for 15 hours. The item will likewise contain fixings that will guarantee the face is wet and circulated air through for the duration of the day. Sylva make-up unit will likewise be imaginatively bundled with a velvet spread that will contain the organization logo. The crucial Sylva Company is to grow persistently and bring to the market quality restorative items at a satisfactory cost. The organization targets acquainting Sylva make-up pack with the market and record high deals and 70% overall revenue. Sylva will utilize a brand building approach as the basis for the advertising plan. The organization will achieve this through an advertising blend that joins one of a kind item traits, appropriate circulation and compelling special blend. The essential advertising destinations are to create gotten income from retail deals and acquire new subsidizing sources. The limited time blend will remember serious publicizing for print, various media and the web. Sylva will situate itself through eminent print media, for example, the Vogue, Vanity Fair, In Style and Cosmopolitan. Expanding the nearness of the item on the web is foreseen to yield better outcomes. The item will likewise be showcased through close to home connection battles and retail location that will fortify the product’s message of value. The United States beautifiers advertise is immersed with restorative organizations. The business has consistently developed. This industry is set to increment in the following five years. Accordingly, Sylva Company is set to profit by it. The item has four essential contenders. These incorporate Aveda, Clinique, Essential Elements and Kiehl’s Company. The item would like to expand its client base by

All That Matters Is You Wrote Something

All That Matters Is You Wrote Something Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!All That Matters Is You Wrote SomethingUpdated On 09/01/2016Author : Singh RomyTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1SAN264 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogI get up early in morning, make my slow march towards the bathroom, start brushing my teeth, take a shower, and have delicious breakfast. Then my door bell rings and I found a glass of milk with paper, I pick both of them and shut the door up. Then I make my move towards the kitchen to make my lovely coffee, so that I can enjoy the paper.Now my coffee got all cooked up and my chair is waiting for me to sit and flip the pages of newspaper.  Then my eyes suddenly caught by the wall clock tickles and I see that I’ve only few remaining minutes to go to my office.So I put my lucky shoes on and tie those lucky laces together. I put my lucky jackets on that my mom gifted me on my 19th birthday. Now I head back to m y office. I turn my computers on and put my lucky jacket on my chair. Then I pick my lucky pen from my drawer which my dad gifted me by saying that,“Write something that is worth reading, write something that makes people think. I know you’ve spark in you, talent in you but you are not aware of that now, soon you will. This pen will help you.”And then I put it on my table in front of my eyes so that it able to fire inspirations on me.I light the candles up and say my prayer which my mom and dad taught me when I was 5 years old and thank God for giving me what I need and what I desire. And from here my fingers start itching to type something, to fill that blank screen of computer. So my work starts now.I start writing whatever comes into my mind, I make many typos in it but I keep writing until I feel like I’m getting tired. That’s five hours or so. I know that I reached to my limit so I rest for a while and invest some time to correct my typos and then I realize that it’ s time to hit Save. I save whatever I wrote in a file and keep it into a new folder, then I turn off my computers and it’s 4.30 my office will be closed. Today’s work is finished its time to go home.READ5 Ways To Increase Email Opt ins On Your WebsiteBut before that how many words, lines, and pages I wrote? I don’t care about that; I’m not even slightly concerned about that.  Are they good enough to get sold in good price? I don’t even think about it. All I know that I gave my best to write something without thinking about money, what I’m writing, how people are going to respond, nothing. At that time the only thing running into my mind is I’ve to write something with all I’ve got and I done that, I’m happy for that.All that matters is for whole day you sat in front of your computer and wrote something. Because many writers not able to sit and write something, they are afraid to do that, they afraid that they will write something waste and blah blah. But here’s t he secret which most writers don’t know and writers who knows about it are not concerned about sharing it with other writers. But I’m going to share that secret with you, because I know how hard is to sit and writing something.The secret that professional writers know and new writer search for is, “Writing is not hard and it never been. What’s hard is sitting down to write.” Most of writers thinks that writing is very hard art, but I think its not. If you sit daily to write something, you practice daily then writing is the easiest art to master. The more you sit to write the better write you will become. So all that matters is you sit to write something and you wrote that.My Final WordsWhen I was a newbie writer, I used to think that writing is a very hard art to master, and it’s not for me. But soon I realize that secret and then writing becomes quite easy for me. Till now I’ve wrote around thousands of copy for my clients some were awesome or some were just good.But what I really count is not how many copies I wrote; how many times I sit down to write something.So share your counts, your stories, and how many copies you wrote.

Peter Piper to Practice the P Sound

Tongue twisters are fun words games we use to challenge our pronunciation. As an English learner, you can use tongue twisters to help with pronunciation of certain sounds. Peter Piper Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? Listen to the Peter Piper recording. Improving Your Pronunciation In this tongue twister, Peter Piper, you can work on your ps. The p sound is  voiceless  and is similar to the b sound which is voiced. The difference between the two sounds is that the p does not use the voice. Practice the difference in these sounds with minimal pairs—words that only have a difference between the p and b sound.   bob - popblob - plopbeg - pegpitch - bitchpeck - beck Feel the Sound Difference Place your hand on your throat and say pop and you will feel no vibration. Place your hand on your throat and say bob and youll feel vibration. Use lots of breath to help you get the plosive p sound strong. Pronounce your p with a strong explosion of air through the lips.

Nursing Management (Planning) - 4852 Words

General Objectives: The reporter formulated these objectives for the purpose of directing the students towards an organized discussion and to be able to present the topic in a clear and comprehensible approach. Specific Objectives: At the end of this topic students will be able to: †¢ Define the mission or purpose statement, philosophy, vision, objectives and core values as it pertains to nursing services; †¢ discuss the elements/ components of planning; †¢ enumerate the types and phases of strategic planning; †¢ understand the importance of formulating mission, vision, value statements, objectives and philosophy act as a basis for any organization; and †¢ understand the purposes and benefits of strategic planning. Elements/ Components of†¦show more content†¦Programs are activities put together to facilitate attainment of some desired goals. Time Management is a technique for allocation of one’s time through the setting of goals, assigning priorities, identifying and eliminating time wastes and use of managerial techniques to reach goal s efficiently Principles of Time Management 1) Planning for contingencies-planning anticipates the problem that will arise from actions without thought 2) Listing of task-task to be accomplished should be done in sequence which are prioritized according to importance 3) Inventory 4) Sequencing 5) Setting and keeping deadlines- and adhering to deadline is an excellent exercise in self discipline 6) Deciding on how time will be spent Time Saving Techniques, Devices and Methods to Better Use of Time 1. Conduct an inventory of your activities. 2. Set goals and objectives and write them down. 3. With the use of calendars, executive planners, logs or journals, write what you expect to accomplish yearly, monthly, weekly or daily. 4. Break down large projects into smaller parts. 5. Devote a few minutes at the beginning of each day for planning. 6. Organize yourShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Smart Goals1309 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment through mentoring programs for career development, professional growth, increase of morale, and quality within my nursing career by the end of one year. The second goal is to apply the principles of effective organization involving use of information, focus on patient care giving, and design clinical care giving in an organizational chart to achieve organizational planning and evaluation as all levels. Leadership Development Goal The leadership development goal is to assist and direct personalRead MoreEssay on Stratregic Planning Nursing Process715 Words   |  3 PagesStrategic Planning and the Nursing Process Kerrie Troy HCS/482 June 24th, 2013 Dr. Michael Solomon Strategic Planning and the Nursing Process Paper Strategic planning and the nursing process both are essential when developing medical informatics. The nursing process is an exceptional representation to use for strategic planning because it contains the same elements. It is imperative to educate health care professional to understanding the language of the information technology (IT)Read MorePersonal Statement On Health Assessment Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesapplications to my current work place (Havana specialist Hospital, Surulere, and Lagos, Nigeria) and their usefulness to the current world will also be discussed. The concepts are as follows: Communication in Health Assessment (Module1), Management planning in Nursing Process (Module 3), leadership and leadership style, Data collection in health assessment , nutritional assessment, vital signs, Depression and its assessment, substance abuse assessment and lastly assessing skin diseases: Skin cancerRead MoreTime Management Is An Important Aspect Of Every Individua l s Life909 Words   |  4 PagesTime Management Time management is an important aspect of every individual’s life as everyone should prioritize their responsibilities, and ensure that there is the appropriate amount of time for everything. In fact, time is the regulator of almost all activities and it is something you always lose but can never get back. Many individuals wish that they had more time or could re-live certain moments and use their time wisely. However, in the healthcare profession every second is essential and itRead MoreImplementing the Five Functions of Management Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesImplementing the five functions of Management Margaret E. Bridges MGT 330 Thomas Kook 12/19/2011 The five functions of management practices are planning, leading, organizing, staffing and controlling. These functions are essential to forming a successful company with high revenues. Working in the healthcare field I have found that these functions are important to running a successful company. My current employer sets standards to follow and takes corrective action to ensure allRead MoreEffective Organizational Support For Professional Advancement1279 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping a transparent organizational commitment to succession planning creates an opportunistic culture encouraging professional development and increasing opportunities for high-potential employees (Bolton Roy, 2004; Rothwell, 2010; Swan Moye, 2009). Transparent organizational support for professional advancement has the potential to boost morale and improve nursing retention (Coonan, 2005). Succession planning efforts at the nurse manager level provide staff nurses an opportunity to exploreR ead MoreStrategic Planning Nursing Process973 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Planning and Nursing Process Every decision-making process requires the basic steps of problem identification, intervention and evaluation. In healthcare, both the nursing process and strategic planning involve proper identification of a problem, gathering of data, formulating a plan, and deciding which intervention is the best to implement. After the intervention, evaluation is necessary. Strategic planning and the nursing process both are essential when developing medical informaticsRead MorePersonal And Professional Accountability And Opportunities For Advancement951 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of what career a person holds, there will always be personal/professional accountability and opportunities for advancement. The nursing profession is a unique field that evolves based on evidence-based practice as well as advances in medicine and technology. As such, the nursing profession requires nurses to not only stay up to date about latest practices but also advance themselves. One way that nurses stay curre nt is by continuing to pursue advance degrees and certificates through educationRead MoreThe Magnet Recognition Program Essay717 Words   |  3 Pagesdeveloped to attract and maintain nursing staff. According to American Nurses Credentialing Center’s (ANCC) web site, the program â€Å"was developed by the ANCC to recognize health care organizations that provide nursing excellence. The program also provides a vehicle for disseminating successful nursing practices and strategies.† Nursing administration continues to have an integral role associated with the demonstration of excellence in achieving the highest honor of nursing distinction. The explorationRead MorePracticum Evaluation: Orlando Childrens Clinic1821 Words   |  7 Pagesmedication communication reflects on the succession planning that involves managers and staffing. This is with the incorporation of a clarified vision with a strategic plan (Buerhaus, 2000). The succession planning for the respective key personnel is significant in business strategy to assist the healthcare organization in handling effectively its future. In consideration of the current chaotic healthcare environment, development and growth of the nursing staff is significant to the maintenance of the

Cyberbullying Vs. Face Of Bullying Essay - 737 Words

Madysen Douglas English 9, Mrs. Kochis Period 3 Cyberbullying vs. Face-to-Face Bullying Cyberbullying is as bad as and in most cases worse than the traditional face-to-face bullying. Cyberbullying has become a big issue all around the world and is the new form of bullying, traditional bullying is more rare now that people are aware of it.The emotional difference between the two types of bullying has more of a long lasting impact than the physical issues of traditional bullying. Cyberbullying is considered worse than traditional bullying for many reasons. One of them being that the audience in cyberbullying is usually much larger than that of traditional. â€Å"This difference was mainly attributed to some specific aspect that are believed to distinguish cyberbullying from traditional bullying: an increased potential for a large audience, an increased potential for anonymous bullying, lower levels of direct feedback, decreased time and space limits, and lower levels of supervision.† (Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying.) The victim is usually in a chat room when the attack happens and the other people in the chat room are all there to see what’s happening. It is also almost impossible to supervise cyberbullying where in school it would be easy too spot someone being bullying but online it’s much more difficult. Although some would argue that face-to- faceShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent1267 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happens when kids bully each other through electronicRead MoreTechnology s Progression And The Advancement Of Human Societies1486 Words   |  6 Pagesfields, they have also allowed forms of transgression to become more rampant and widespread. This is evident when considering how traditional bullying has evolved into an issue today known as cyberbullying. While bullying and cyberbullying are often similar in terms of form and technique they also have many differences. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying allows the offender to mask his or her identity behind a computer. This anonymity makes it easier for the offender to strike blows againstRead MoreCyberbullying : An Act Of Aggressive Act1466 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying can be define as an act of aggressive act that is intentional, Taking force upon someone who cannot defend themselves from an individual or group. Cyberbullying is nearly the same thing as bullying but is done online, using electronic devices such as phones, emails, and social networks. Cyberbullying can happen in many different ways , through phone calls, text messages, blogs, pictures and more. The availability of internet makes it easier for bullying to take place in the long runRead MoreShould Students Who Engage in Cyberbullying, Even Off Campus Face Sanctions at School?991 Words   |  4 PagesStudents Who Engage in Cyberbullying, Even Off Campus Face Sanctions at School? ENGL 103 Writing and Rhetoric Leighsah Ruiz Brandman University Everyone, at some point in their life has been exposed to or; witnessed some type of bullying. Since this type of behavior is traditionally witnessed, victims has a means of accusing the other student. Technology is undeniably apart of everyday life, especially in that of today’s youth. Cyberbullying has become a nationwideRead MoreCyber Bullying1455 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Bullying Issues 1 Bullying Issues: Cyber bullying vs. Traditional Bulllying Horache Allen Compostion1 Jan 29, 2013 Bullying Issues 2 Bullying Issues: Cyber Bullying vs. Traditional Bullying Are you a victim of cyber bullying? Or were you theRead MoreBullying : A Land Of The Free1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of time, the strong preying on the weak has always been present. When pertaining to humans, this action/instinct is called, â€Å"Bullying.† Bullying takes many forms including face to face (physical and verbal harassment), written forms (mails/letters), and currently, the most widespread form of bullying apparent in students is cyberbullying (bullying with the use of electronics such as social media, texting/messages, and etc). As the Supreme Court ruled, students have limitations on theirRead MoreTraditional Bullying and Cyberbullying1260 Words   |  6 Pagesactions of bullying to hurt others they felt as a threat or to be in the â€Å"in crowd† of popularity. Traditional bullying was physical and thus confined to face-to-face contexts. However, with the development of widespread social interaction via social media websites, email, and t ext-messaging, teens have additional avenues of expression and, as a result, other means of bullying. Over time the bullying taking place using digital means has come to be known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has broughtRead Morecyber bullying outline and thesis864 Words   |  4 PagesLegal definition Cyberbullying is defined in legal glossaries as †¢ actions that use information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm another or others. †¢ use of communication technologies for the intention of harming another person †¢ use of internet service and mobile technologies such as web pages and discussion groups as well as instant messaging or SMStext messaging with the intention of harmingRead MoreCyber Bully And What Do Cyber Bullies Look For A Target?1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdo cyber bullies look for in a target? Aschah Williams David Johnston Emily Crawford Jaime Skipper Kiera Smith BHCLR â€Æ' What factors are associated with an increased tendency to cyber bully and what do cyber bullies look for in a target? Cyber Bullying is a relatively new method of harassing and intimidating peers. It’s difficult to target because as few as 1/10 parents realize that their children are participating in the behavior. Children lack sufficient supervision online, on phones, and onRead MoreSocial Medi Evolution Or A Step Back1697 Words   |  7 Pageshave access to unlimited resources and everyday society is advancing; or is it? Face-to-face communication is the foundation of our societies and what has brought people together since the beginning of time. Something that has been so crucial in the past is now taking the backseat as a new world emerges; a world of texting where we rely on electronics to communicate with one another. As technology has advanced, face to face communication has declined and it is having consequences on our society. These

Effectiveness Of Health Care Organisation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness Of Health Care Organisation. Answer: REFLECTIVE WRITING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO CHOSEN HEALTH CARE ORGANISATION I have always evaluated my knowledge on any topic through reflective writing. It provides me with an in depth knowledge regarding any topic. In this paper I will research, compare and contrast between two hospitals of Australia, namely, Calvary public hospital, which is a government affiliated hospital and Albury Wodonga Private Hospital, which is a private run hospital. In order to measure the effectiveness of each organization, I would like to give an explanation of what do I understand by Effectiveness. Effectiveness of an organization depends upon the productivity and the outcome of an organization (Swayne et al.2012). Effectiveness of an organization depends upon the certain key elements such as the talent management, organizational design and structure, leadership development, implementation of positive changes and transformation, provision of smart technologies (Chassi and Loeb 2013). In this essay I will focus on the health care organization, hence the parameters that I will measure will be based on patient safety, proper infrastructure to provide a comprehensive care, availability of skilled doctors and multidisciplinary team, provision for palliative car and the use of technologies in health care. As said by Grol et al.(2013), in a good hospital, one can expect to be safe as there should be enough staff strength having appropriate skills. There should be a continuous checking of the risks for the safety of the patient. A hospital should have emergency care unit for addressing the critical care patients. Many hospitals have facilities for palliative care. All the members of the, multidisciplinary team should be apply proper risk management techniques to avoid any sentinel events. One can evaluate the grading of a hospital on the basis of these criteria (Chassi and Loeb 2013). The stakeholders of an organization can evaluate the performance of their hospital on the basis of these criteria. The stake holders of a clinical setting mainly includes Patients, consultants, managers , commissioners , professional bodies and the patient safety leaders. It should be kept in mind that patient reported outcomes can help to bring about positive transformation in a clinical setting. (Black, 2013). Keeping the above parameters in mind I have brainstormed through the websites of some of the hospitals of Australia, and have come across Calvary public hospital. This hospital is located in Bruce, Australian Capital Territory. This is a public hospital set up by the Australian government (Calvary Public Hospital Bruce, 2017). I searched for the various kinds of information about this health care setting and found out that this hospital has an emergency department, an intensive care unit, and oncology and breast cancer unit. This setting also provides facilities like general medicine and surgery, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, ophthalmology and respiratory care and mental health care (Calvary Public Hospital Bruce, 2017). It also provides services to the out patients via an allied health services operating in collaboration with the hospital. I have found that this hospital is one of the most popular public hospitals in Canberra, which to my surprise, conducted about 4691 elective surgeries and handled about 53650 emergency cases, although this is just a self reported data (Calvary Public Hospital Bruce, 2017). One of the problems that one faces with public hospitals is their long queue. I took feedback from the out patients and found that the waiting times are significantly much longer than the other hospitals, which can be due to the reliability and the popularity of the hospital (Black, 2013). I have made researches on the Albury Wodonga private hospital by personally going through several websites and by having a conversation over the phone. As they have said, this hospital provides a wide range of an allied health care service as well as patient specific services (Alburywodongaprivate.com.au, 2017). I have come to know that this hospital is equipped with a wide range of advanced medical instruments for diagnosis and surgery. I have also researched about a number of doctors, who are involved in this organization (Kongstvedt 2012). I must say that all of them are registered doctors and have reputations in this field. Based on the feedbacks of the patients, the concerned hospital consists of highly skilled practitioners that provide best medical, surgical and psychological care (Alburywodongaprivate.com.au, 2017). As per the recent news this hospital has also opened a cardiac catheterization laboratory. This private hospital provides a lot of health care facilities such as orthopedics, general surgery, urology, gynecology, plastic surgery, breast surgery, general medicine, cardiac angiography and pacemaker implantation (Alburywodongaprivate.com.au, 2017). In order to bring about a comparison between the private and the public health care, we should have an overview of the Australian health insurance system. In Australia, the health care relies on both government funded services and private health insurance (Porter and Lee 2013). The public health care is provided to the Australian citizens by Medicare, which gives access to a number of allied health care services free of cost. For this Medicare, the taxpayers have to pay 2% of their taxable income and high income earners have to pay an additional 1% extra as the Medicare levy (Alburywodongaprivate.com.au, 2017). Medicare has limitations in their coverage, which are covered by private health insurances depending upon the insurance schemes one takes up. One advantage of a private care hospital is that we do not have to stand in long queue and a patient sometimes gets the chance of choosing their own doctors. Few specialized surgeries and medicines does not coke under the Medicare or the PBS scheme, are provide by the private health insurance (Chassi and Loeb 2013). The main concern is not about whether a hospital is private or government affiliated, it is about the care that an organization is providing to the patient. As said by Chaudoir et al.(2013), role of a health care organization in the integration of care for the patient with special health care needs. I have tried to assess the evaluate the two major health care organization on the basis of how they use research, evaluate and increase the management and dissemination strategies in order to provide a high quality of care to the patient. References Alburywodongaprivate.com.au. (2017).Albury Wodonga Private Hospital. [online] Available at: https://www.alburywodongaprivate.com.au/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Black, N., 2013. Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),346. Calvary Public Hospital Bruce. (2017).Calvary Public Hospital Bruce | Calvary. [online] Available at: https://www.calvarycare.org.au/public-hospital-bruce/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Chassin, M.R. and Loeb, J.M., 2013. High?reliability health care: getting there from here.The Milbank Quarterly,91(3), pp.459-490. Chaudoir, S.R., Dugan, A.G. and Barr, C.H., 2013. Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), p.22. Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M. and Davis, D. eds., 2013.Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons. Kongstvedt, P.R., 2012.Essentials of managed health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Porter, M.E. and Lee, T.H., 2013. The strategy that will fix health care.Harvard business review,91(10), pp.1-19. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012.Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons.

Investment Appraisal free essay sample

What are some benefits from Investing? ? Savings because assets used currently will no longer be used o Savings in staff cost o Saving in other operating costs Revenue benefits because of improvement / enhancements o More sales revenue o More efficient system o Savings in staff time Inflow from sale of currently in use assets Intangible benefit o Customer satisfaction o Improve staff morale o Better decision making ? ? ? How can investments be categorised? Investments can be categorised into Capital Expenditure and Revenue Expenditure. What is Capital Expenditure? Capital expenditure is expenditure which results in the acquisition of non-current assets or an improvement in the earning capacity of non-current assets. What is Revenue Expenditure? Revenue expenditure is expenditure which results in maintain the existing earning capacity of noncurrent assets. It also includes expenditure related to selling and distribution expenses, administration expenses and finance charges. What is involved in investments in Non-current Assets? Investments in Non-current Assets involve a significant elapse of time i. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment Appraisal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . the time funds are committed to acquiring the non-current to the recoupment of the investment will be long. What is involved in investments in Working Capital? Investments in working capital involve funds invested in resources such as, inventory, before it can be recovered from sales of the finished product or service. The funds are only committed for a short period of time. How do the overriding factors in Investment decisions differ in the Commercial Sector and the Notfor-Profit Organisation? The commercial sector investment decisions are generally based on financial considerations alone whereas with not-for-profit organisations relatively few organisations’ capital investments are made with the intention of earning a financial return the overriding factors are social costs and social benefits of the investment. What is Capital Budgeting? Capital budgeting is the process of identify, analysing and selecting investment projects whose returns are expected to extend beyond one year. What is the Capital Budget? The capital budget contains the expenditure required to cover capital projects already underway and those it is anticipated will start in the next possibly three to five years. Note: Budget limits or constraints might be imposed internally or externally. Internal constraints are often imposed when managerial resources are limited, this known as soft capital rationing. External constraints are often imposed by external limits either because of scarcity of finance, high financing costs or restrictions on the amount of external financing, this is known as hard capital rationing. Origination of proposal the origination of the proposal can come either from mechanisms the entity has put in place to scan the environment for investment opportunities; technological change/developments; or those working in technical positions. Project screening each project must be subjected to detailed screening. Only if a project passes this initial screening will more detailed financial analysis begin. Analysis and acceptance this step involves carrying out financial analysis of the project and comparing that to predetermined acceptance criteria and also considering the project in light of the capital budget for the current and future operating periods. Monitoring and review this step involves project control i. e. ensuring that capital spending does not exceed the amount authorised, the implementation of the project is not delayed, and the anticipated benefits are eventually obtained.

Olaudah Equiano Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Free Essays, Term Papers

Olaudah Equiano Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Free Essays, Term Papers Olaudah Equiano An ironsmith, ship steward, crewman, cook, clerk, navigator, amateur scientist, and even a hairdresser. These are all jobs that Olaudah Equiano held during his lifetime. He has been called the most influential African writer in both Africa, America and Britain before the Civil War, and was born in Essaka, Nigeria sometime during 1745 (O'Neale, 153). His family was part of the Ibo tribe, which was located in the North Ika Ibo region of Essaka. In his earliest years, Olaudah Equiano was trained in the art of war. His daily exercises included shooting and throwing javelins. As he states in his autobiography, two men and a woman, who came over the walls while the rest of the family was away, abducted Olaudah and his sister in 1756 (Equiano, 356). He was only eleven years old. The two of them would only be reunited when Equiano was sold a second time. They did not remain together that long because he would be sold again. Olaudah Equiano would eventually be sold to a man by the name of Michael Henry Pascal, an officer of the British Royal Navy, who set sail for the American continent. Michael Pascal renamed him Gustavus Vassa. In the years that followed, Olaudah became a great seaman and sailed around the world. His stops included the slave-trading islands of the West Indies, England, Ireland, Wales, France, Portugal, Italy, Central America, Georgia, Virginia, Philadelphia and New England. It seemed that he traveled everywhere except to where he really wanted to go, which was Africa. It was during these years that he learned the English language and values from a seaman by the name of Richard Baker. By 1759 Equiano had become fully articulate in the English language. He fought for the British during the seven-year war against France. Even though he had earned his freedom by fighting in the war, Pascal would not grant Equiano his freedom. Instead he confiscated all of Equiano's books and sold him to the captain of a slave ship in 1763. His new owner, Robert King, would eventually sell Equiano his freedom in 1766 for 70 pounds. Robert King asked Equiano to remain as his employee and Equiano did. This led him to Georgia where he was almost captured and resold into slavery. It was also during this time that Equiano got rid of the name Gustavus Vassa. In 1768, Equiano returned to London, England and began an apprenticeship to a hairdresser. It was also during this time that he became employed by Dr. Charles Irving. It was with Dr. Irving that Equiano would go to the North Pole in 1773 and barely escaped death when their ship struck an iceberg. In 1786 Equiano was appointed commissary for Stores for the Black Poor. This was a social outreach group of the British antislavery movement that saw returning blacks to Africa as the best way to end British slave trade (O'Neale, 157). He was fired after five months because of a conflict he had with Joseph Irwin. This conflict drew criticism onto Equiano but he would regain his status in the abolition movement by publishing responses to the criticism in the British newspapers. In 1789, Equiano's autobiography was published in London and by 1790 Equiano was fully involved in the antislavery movement in Britain. He petitioned the Queen and the Parliament to end the slavery. The following year the autobiography was published in America. It has been said no black voice before Frederick Douglass in his Narrative of 1845 spoke so movingly to American readers about inhumanity (Murphy,354). Equiano would finally settle and marry Susan Cullen on April 7, 1792. They had two girls who were named Ann Marie and Johana. Some sources say Equiano died in 1801 while others say 1797. We are not sure which one is correct. One of his daughters did die a few months after he did. His wife and other daughter then left the limelight and no record of them has been found. Equiano's book has lasted over two hundred years and has gone through eight editions. And is still being called the most successful prose work written by an African in the Western World until the start of the Amer ican

How can social policy eradicate child poverty Essay

How can social policy eradicate child poverty - Essay Example eople have different thoughts on who is responsible for tackling the issue of child poverty; although the entire burden of blame would be on the government, families, communities and organizations, - all who have to play the biggest role since they face and handle the problem often. Referring to the UNICEF, child poverty is expressed â€Å"as the deprivation of a range of both material and social supports and services that it considers to be essential to ensure children’s well-being† (Minujin, et al., 2006, p. 485). Helping the children escape poverty has to occur early in life when a problem is discovered, so that rectification takes place. By assisting the children, their future is secured; but also their families and the entire community’s lives benefit from the process. The power to prevent child poverty is within human reach making it possible to formulate social policies, which are action oriented through use of both economic and non economic resources, in equal redistribution as a way of improving the child welfare. Through the government, social policies are delivered through the enactment and reforms of law. The administration comes up with programs and initiatives just like community organizations to benefit the child welfare, by improving their economic and social state. The social policies help to protect the child and uphold their fundamental rights, which may entail helping the children or the young individuals directly or providing extensive support to their families. Children are sensitive beings who do not have the power to vote, or form petition authorities to foster programs that could defend their right. Whether being born in poverty or suffering from it during the childhood, the social policies provide rescue plans if not reducing the impact it causes in their lives. Some of the social policies are government pensions, welfare to the poor, health care, food stamps, unemployment benefits, affordable housing initiatives, educational

Terminal Objectives Program Philosophy in Managed Care Essay

Terminal Objectives Program Philosophy in Managed Care - Essay Example George Halvorson and George Isham, MD wrote an interesting piece describing this imperative need for managed care. Mr. Halvorson, to his credit, has two basic steps worthy of following, which will help what is now seen as an ailing health care system. Those two steps are creating overall care flow charts assigning accountability for each step in the care process and also devising a system supporting improved medical care in relation to each step in this process. The fact that managing health care has to keep pace with the changes in health care itself must be addressed. This must be addressed in the fact that in order to manage health care risks we must have a link between systematic improvement for care and payment for that care. The work managed in the courses pursued would bring a realization that is mirrored in the writings of Halvorson and Isham in that; one thing that must be done is the re-engineering of health care systems. The reason, integration, a method that integrates all the elements of health care into a manageable formula must be considered in order to be of benefit to health care and to the patients which it serves. Today's system hampers the most effective methods of health care delivery at all levels.

Effects of Terrorism on Businesses and Economy

Effects of Terrorism on Businesses and Economy Terrorism has deep history since the cold war but this issue became most salient after terrorist attacks in September 11 2001 and July 7 2005. According to U.S department of state (2002), more than 3000 people of different nationalities were killed in the terrorist attacks in September 11, 2001. These attacks were the conspicuous example of terrorism on global level. Terrorism affects businesses around the world in both the long term and short-term. Czinkota (2004) cited that terrorism influenced long-term karma of entire industries, for example tourism, retailing and manufacturing industries. There are number of definitions of terrorism, which are complex and deliberate different dimensions. Alexander et al (1979) define terrorism as a threat or absolute use of enforcement and inclemency to achieve a political goal bye means of intimidation fear, and coercion. The beginning of 21st Century changed the world drastically and the first reason behind this was the incident, which occurred on September 11 2001. The devastating terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. On this date, the whole world came into shock when America was under attack. The second incident, which happened on 7 July 2005 in London added fuel to fire. As both these countries are the main economies of the world, these incidents had a hue impact on businesses all around the world. In this assignment, we will try to find the overall impact of these incidents left on the United Kingdom businesses. We will also focus our attention on the changes and new developments which happened, after these two events, in UK organizations. This threat of terrorist attacks poses a continuous atmosphere of risk for all businesses in UK. This risk itself creates extension for treatment of risk in management theories. The majority of management literature theories adopt the term uncertainty as a factor of unpredictable environment, which may influence the performance of organization in certain ways. The environment effected by terrorism also has a factor of unpredictability in it. 2. Effects of terrorism on UK economy and businesses: According to the European Commission 2001 report, terrorists direct their attacks against businesses for more than any other target. Terrorism can bring any organisation or economy to its knees because of its fear and businesses fear for more attacks may happen, so they afraid to operate as normal. Increasing cost of security and putting new systems in place can cost huge amount of money to businesses ultimately decrease in the market value of businesses? Terrorism has its massive effects on UK economy and business activities. It affects deleteriously on businesses strategies and most businesses operating in the effected areas gets impact from the thrust of government policies to quell terrorism. Businesses internationally and locally are particularly affected by terrorism because when incidents like 9/11 happen, it disrupts the supply chain and disturbs business activities in addition to interrupting information flows. It also effected on the industrial demand as well as consumer demand. This falling demand may have different outcomes which may comprises of losses of customers contracts, customer trust, reduced share of the market and a significant decline in sales, all of which could lead to business failure. For example according to the report of BBC 22 July 2005, Bombs will cost just UK tourism alone; Â £300 million. Terrorism has direct effect on UK organizations, somehow indirectly affects on buyers, which definitely declines in buyer demand creates unpredictable shifts, interruption in supply chain, disruption in the flow of policies, regulation and also has a wide impact on the macroeconomic factors of the country. Czinkota et al (2004) cited that over all every factor in economy gets the impact of terrorism and definitely responds to the action of terrorism. Modern terrorism is particularly onerous, because of characteristic of its time. The impact of terrorism on macroeconomic is crucial, customers feel themselves in stress and some kind of continuous fear, which definitely effects the spending patterns. When terrorist attacks happened in New York and London, they affected businesses in a direct and indirect way and disrupted the economic process. Both of these attacks were on the main economic cities of the world trade. To make the effects of the terrorist activities stronger, terrorist groups targeted public and private organizations. Businesses are more attractive target for terrorist as their presence is everywhere and their aftermaths are deeper on society and on the economics. 2.1 Direct effect of terrorism on businesses: Direct effects of terrorism comprise of instant and immediate consequences of terrorism. According to London Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2005 report, after the World Trade Center attacks, the IFM downsized its forecast of UK economic growth by 0.6% from 2.4% to 1.8% and according to Office of national Statistics data UK actual growth was 1.6%, which was weakest economic growth for more than a decade. According to the Institute of Directors report in 2002, after New York attacks 20% of private organizations had increased business security, 52% of organizations carried regular risk assessment to assess their vulnerability to attack. The effects of 7th July 2005 London bombings on UK organizations was even severe than the September 2001 attacks. The business confidence in London has slumped to the lowest levels not seen since the eve of Iraq War 2003. Number of UK organizations was expecting that the economy will improve in coming year but a dramatic slump given the -16% balance seen in the first quarter of the year. In August 2005, The Bank of England reduced Interest rates by one-quarter percent to improve economic conditions. The attacks brought bad time for the London not just in seasonal but economic term as well. According to Time Online (2005) UKs economic growth was seen to be the weakest since 1993. Many organizations respondents reported that their employees were scared to travel on public transport and preferred to travel by cars or taxies which lead to increased travel costs. For the people and organizations, which effected individually the loss was quite tragic. Moreover, direct effects include sudde n increase in cost of product, decrease in production and output of firm, and loss of valuable human capital. 2.2 Indirect Effect: 2.2A Change in consumer demand heterogeneously: While the indirect effects of terrorism in UK include prominent decrease in buyer demand, unplanned shifts and negative interruption in supply chain. Its also compel authorities towards the new policies and their immediate implementation. Indirect effects also include foreign relations of the UK organizations and countrys governments, which affects trade. According to Loewenstein et al (2001) specifically indirect effects contains demand of consumer that may interrupt the deal of purchase or supply. It is evident that industry operates according to the demand of buyer. This is infecting a widespread of common fear of individuals, which in results decline in demand of industrial goods. Daniel Steel (2008) narrates that economic research also has roots in correlation and among behaviour and emotion. The negative emotions like state of fear definitely effects consumer behaviour, even after the happening of those events Czinkota et al (2004) narrated that there may be need of making of policies, laws, and regulations for public and private organization in reaction to these terrorist attacks. Whilst these actions are intended to improve security conditions, they also cause delays in efficient business operations. 2.2B Indirect effects on organizational operations: The other indirect effects of terrorism on UK organizations was discontinuity in supply of essential goods, services and resources and sometime unplanned shifts. These problems cause serious impact on the operation of organizations. In July 7 London terrorist attacks on local transportation and logical system (supply chain) effects badly on businesses around London. Due to suspension of supply chain all businesses struggled and also decrease in efficiency of organizations. It is common problem, while in terrorist attacks, the short-term shortage of services, good, input raw materials and components occurs; it took certain time to recover from this kind of shortage. 2.2C Macro economic phenomenon: The macro economic phenomenon of London and New York terrorism was visible decline in per- capita income, decrease or sudden change in stock market value and increase in unemployment. Such trend affects the UK economy and consumer expectation. The long run impact was decrease in export and declines in GDP and tax revenues and the living standard of people. 3. Dealing Terrorism Shaped BCCM Planning: In this part we will critically analyse the different management approaches and strategies, which could be helpful for organizations to deal with the global crises like September 11 2001 and London Bombing 2005. In this part of the assignment will evaluate performance and adaptation of suitable strategy by organizations on different kind of business activities and scrutinize the different business strategic views, which an organization can adopt for minimizing the effects of terrorism. We will also discuss different ways that organizations can benefit in term of increase in profit and minimise the impact of terrorism. With the threat of terrorism, organizations have to focus on the particular resources which are available to deal with these threats. Except terrorism, there are some other threats (financial and non-financial) which are also effect the organizational performances at the same time, organizational management have confine resources and mental steam to deal with effects of terrorism. 3.1 General strategy: According to Alexander Dean C (2004), terrorism is a possibility, or it leads toward appearance of other possibilities. This kind of act effects producer and as well as consumer psychology, its behaviour of consumption and its buying patterns. The impact of terrorism effects specifically in economic, industrial, political and legal context of external environment. 3.2 Consider Terrorism as a factor while planning: Within the significant increase in risk of terrorism and uncertainty in the field, now all UK organizations are making policies or developing future strategies by considering terrorist threats. Organizations also need to include terrorism as a risk factor; selecting and targeting the potential threats and indentifying the different sources of threats are the most important tasks for organizational managers, while developing future strategies to grow and run the business locally or globally. 3.3 Sourcing, production and distribution: By considering the operation of the organization in value chain that directs it toward production of products and their development. Increasingly most of the UK organizations are getting their supplies from all over the world. The bitter risk of terrorism affects the internationally complex system of value chain. Mostly terrorist groups attack on the sites of organizations and their logistic system directly or indirectly. The indirect impact of terrorism is the imposition of new rules and regulations, which emerges suddenly in the reaction of attacks by the government sectors which cause disruption in value chain movements. Due to the negative interruption in supply chain, it causes difficulties for organizations to fulfil the production orders and customer demand. Due to tight security regulations at borders of all countries, a lot of the businesses have difficulties while fulfilling their operations. For example, Royal Mail suspended vehicles from moving between central London sites and in and out of London for the bulk of the day in July 7 2005. At least 25% of UKs mail move through London every day even if the final destination is elsewhere. The distribution and logistics are one of the most important direct and in direct impacts of terrorist attacks on UK organizations, thats why this became the duty of senior managers to incorporate the risk of supply chain in their future planning. Mentzer (2001) cited that most of the organizations have established system of value chain, which may helps organizations in getting raw material and goods from their suppliers and necessary components from all over the world. This is common practice for various organizations, due to globalization decrease in trade barriers and a secure supply chain infrastructure and advance telecommunication sources. The risk of terrorism is a major threat and challenge for the supplier organizations. As long as the organizations are expending their businesses around the world, the impacts of risk are also increases on the operations of the organizations. Accordingly, organisations have to plan the arrangements to reduce the thrust of terrorism and its consequences on the supply chain structure of companies. According to Ghemawat and Del Sol (1998) overall the companies focuses themselves to find out the other possibilities in order to make available the supplies for dealing in the competitive envi ronment in the emergent of risky conditions. Flexibility directs towards versatility, which is a potential to act alter activities and apply adapted activities, for fulfil the need of the specific situation. 3.4 Consequences of terrorism on Pricing: Organizations have to change price plans according to change in environment. Pricing is one of the fundamental factor which effects with the impacts of terrorism. For example in UK after Terrorist attacks, the insurance rates charged by insurance firms in big cities (like London, Manchester) where terrorist attacks occurred or had a higher chance of occurring, were much higher compare to small cities. Transportation companies may also charge a higher rate for carrying goods from or to risky areas. Similarly, uncertain environment of business pulls organizations to think about their pricing strategy. The sudden effect of terrorism is increase of necessary products like oil and food supplied etc. because of their shortage. Transportation companies charge higher fairs because of high risk to move into that area. Organizational management have to keep in view uncertainty while defining and developing the pricing strategy. The situation of commodity market is relatively different, where prices may fluctuate quickly with the flow of information, the price must soften in for those commodities. 3.5 Global strategy vs. multi domestic strategy: All UK organizations those who adopted multi domestic strategies had relatively less impact of terrorism of 07 July 2005 and 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks than those adopted global strategy. As far as the risk and fear of terrorist attacks increases, the theories emphasise more on multi domestic strategy in contrast with global strategies, which establish more meaningful ways to deal with uncertainty. According to Ghemawat and del Sol (1998) some of the resources may reduce the flexibility of organizations which in results cause interruption in performance of the business internationally, these resources are highly location specific and according to the demand of local markets. 4. Conclusion London is an economic centre and making the capital safer to do business in should be national priority for the Government. Different research suggest that London business community is not safer than it was before 07 July 2005 attacks. According to LCCI report, majority of UK organizations still perceive that there is very high risk of terrorist attacks in London again. This perception has fallen since last year and more than half of UK organizations have contingency plan in place to deal with terrorism effects on business. Studies show that the economic impact on UK organizations has not been as severe as initially feared. Many organizations resumed services on 7 July 2005 and next day they started delivering as normal. Many organizations, those who had no contingency plans, started work to have one and other started to update their existing plans to minimise the effects of these attacks. However many UK organizations revealed that 9/11 and 7/7 terrorist attacks had vary little tangible impact on them and business confidence had affected for the short period. However, it had huge impact on very important sector of London economy such as tourism, transport (trains and airlines) and retail sector. UK employment market has not increased since 7th July 2005 attacks but employment terms were already bleak in London before attacks. Many organizations were expecting unemployment would increase in coming years before July 2005 attacks. Nevertheless, in reality London economy shook off the impacts of 11 September 2001 and 7 July London terrorist attacks. It is evident from history that an unexpected and lengthy critical situation affects performances of organizations. The terrorist attacks in London and New York gave deep shocks to the businesses. Sometimes messages from these terrorist groups, that they can attack anywhere with extremely harmful weapons, results in businesses losing confidence and increased costs to the businesses and economy. Many organizations still have fear of terrorist attacks on the businesses although the UK government is trying to protect the public and private organizations. The targets of the terrorist are usually both kind of locations, public buildings like agencies etc, and private sector like business offices of staff of companies. At present majority of organizations are well prepared for any sort of sudden and unexpected terrorist event compared to July 2005. The basic purpose of this study is to identify the impact of terrorism on businesses and how BCCM planning can help UK organizations to reduce the impact of terrorist attacks. For minimizing the impacts of terrorism managers develops different kind of strategies and sometimes managers can easily recover loss and can get continuous increase In profit if they choose right strategy for pricing in the response of terrorist attack. 5. Recommendations: All organizations need to provide educational programs to all staff regarding terrorism and help them to prepare themselves for unexpected events like terrorism. Government needs to provide intelligence support to help deal with terrorism effectively. Businesses need to strengthen the relationship between themselves for detecting and fighting terrorism. To encourage organizations, government need to offer disaster recovery loans and other loan guarantee programs to help organizations to recover form destruction of terrorism. As the threat of terrorism increasing, so while evaluating international and domestic marketing strategies, managers have to consider effects of terrorism on businesses. In order to targets markets managers have to select those markets and industry zones where the threat of terrorism is at lowest or comparatively less effected. As the rapid increase in the risk of terrorism, it is necessary for organizations to discover and develop the methods of supply chain and other channels of distribution, and adopt new strategies for logistics related channels. For long term, prospective organizations may bring diversification in their supplies, by increasing in the number of supplier.

Evaluating Three Cell Phone Websites :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Evaluating Three Cell Phone Websites Today, almost all people use cell phones. After buying a cell phone, people will choose which plan they will use. Now, there are many cell phone service companies in the US, so the cell phone users have to be careful when they choose the plans. Many cell phone service companies provide websites in order to give information to the cell phone users. The ease of use of the website, the information that it gives, the design and the organization of the website are the factors that will influence cell phone users in choosing their plan. In this paper, I will compare three different websites that contain information about cell phone plans. I chose T-mobile, Verizon and Sprint for comparisons. I chose T-Mobile because I am currently using T-mobile as my cell phone plan. I selected Verizon and Sprint because they are the leading competitors of T-mobile. The first website is T-Mobile. The T-Mobile website is owned by T-Mobile Company. This website is made to help their old customers to control their accounts and to get new information about T-Mobile. It is also made for the new customers, so that they can get information about T-mobile. Then, they can compare T-Mobile plans with other companies. The T-Mobile website is very simple and easy to read. It provides two choices, personal and business customers. For the personal choice, there are two options, individual and families, friends and couples. For the business choice, customers can learn and shop their products and services. These will make customers easier to use this website according to their needs. It is also completed with facility for the existing customers to log in into their accounts, so that the customers may check their accounts anytime. The T-Mobile website contains more information about coverage area and switching plan. The customers also can check the status of their order when they buy the product from T-Mobile. T-Mobile website offers opportunity for the users to find career in T-Mobile. It is such an advantage for the T-Mobile users. Besides those mentioned, this website provides information for the job seekers and the developers. This website also gives information about where the customers can find their store and how they can reach and contact them. Besides that, it also contains T-Mobile company information, so customers can know more about their company. This website is not only for United States users, but also for international users because it provides some sites for other countries like Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia and United Kingdom.

Why Secondary Kids Act in a Laddish Behaviour

Context and concepts Paul Willis conducted a study called â€Å"Learning to labour† in 1977 in which he studied 12 working class students in their last 18 months at a school in the West-Midlands, the methods he used were observation and participant observation. The boys he studied were known as the â€Å"lads†. These boys knew what they needed to do in order to achieve and get qualifications but instead they chose to reject school and developed laddish behaviour, because they believed that education was unmasculine and uncool and that they would get a job even if they didn’t have any qualifications. They thought that manual labour was more worthy than work at a desk or an office. This is where my first concept â€Å"laddism† stems from. This is a male script of toughness which is characterised by negative feelings towards school. Willis found that there were two types of pupils in the class, the â€Å"earoles† who commit themselves to their education and the lads who took little notice of school rules, teachers and work, instead they thought school was all about having a â€Å"laff†. These are all coping strategies the boys had developed in order to cope and minimize the boredom of school and the future routine based jobs they would ultimately end up in. The boys thought that manual labour was more worthy than work at a desk or office. Mitsos and Brown also looked at why boys underachieve in education and thought it was mainly due to what teachers expected of them, which leads me to my second concept â€Å"teacher expectations†. They found that teachers tend to be less strict with boys, expecting low standards of work from them, leading them to underachieve as they failed to push them to achieve their full potential. This also means that the boys started to become overconfident and also started to overestimate their abilities to do something and so making themselves believe that they don’t need to work as hard in order to gain qualifications. Boys were also more likely to be sent out of the classroom or get expelled (80% are boys) from school than girls, which means they lose valuable school time. Another reason for their underachieve could be due to the decline in manual labour, which has resulted in them losing their motivation as they see little point ion education as it wont lead them to the type of job they seek. The lack of opportunities for these young men has given them a low self-esteem. It is these problems which have lead to an â€Å"identity crisis for menâ€Å". As there is a rise in the more â€Å"female† jobs and a decline in the more traditional â€Å"male† jobs, the future of some males look bleak as they lack a clear purpose. On the other hand according to Hargreaves et al the underachievement of boys in education may be due to the way the pupils are perceived by the teachers. Hargreaves at al analysed the processes that led to pupils being classified, and they put forward three stages which are: ? Speculation- this is where the teachers make presumptions about the type of pupils they are dealing with, this leads to the formation of a hypothesis. ? Elaboration- It is here that the established hypothesis is either gradually confirmed or rejected. ? Stabilisation- when this stage is reached the teacher will feel like that they are familiar with the type of pupil they are dealing with. It is this third stage of stabilisation, where the behaviour of the pupil is compared against the type of pupil they are thought to be. If some pupils are regarded as being badly behaved, then it will be hard for their good behaviour to be seen, which is the â€Å"labelling theory†. Nevertheless it is the predictions made by the teacher that has lead to the â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy†, where the pupils start to live up to the predictions that the teacher have made about them, which is my fourth concept. So if a teacher labels pupils as being bright and expects a higher standard of work from them then these pupils will start to believe they are indeed bright and as a result work hard and obtain good examination results. Thus the actions of pupils are partly a refection of what teacher expect from them. Sociologists Rosenthal and Jacobson decided to carry out an experiment which lasted over a year, which was designed to test the â€Å"labelling† and â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† theories and how they affected educational achievement . They conducted their study in an elementary school were they selected 20% of the students, whom they expected to show rapid academic growth. In order to prove this they tested the IQ of the pupils before and one year after the experiment started and the selected pupils had gained IQ. Rosenthal and Jacobson explained that this was due to the teacher conveying the message that the selected sample had more potential than the rest. This led to the sample believing that they were capable of achieving highly and live up to the label they were given and subsequently led to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Main research methods and reasons The main method of research that would be most suited to my topic is non-participant observation in a classroom. Paul Willis also used non-participant observation when he was conducting his research in order to see boys behave in a â€Å"laddish† way. I will take up an iinterpretivist approach like Willis, where I will collect my qualitative data rather than quantitive data. This type of research method could help me explore the concepts of â€Å"teacher’s expectations†, as teachers can show different attitudes to the two opposite sexes which could lead to underachievement and form â€Å"laddish† behaviour. While observing I will be looking out for signs of â€Å"laddish† behaviour and levels of standards that are set by the teacher and if this affects the amount of work that is produced by the pupils. For example teachers tend to be less strict with boys and they tolerate low standards of work from them, which leads to them overestimating their abilities and they become overconfident and not work hard enough in order to achieve highly, which links to my second concept of â€Å"teacher’s expectations† Before I operationalise my research method I will need to design an observational framework that meets the needs of my research and that corresponds to my contextual studies. It will also help me to be consistent in what I observe. The things that I will need to look out for are: they way that the pupils are seated, the amount of times that the lesson has been stopped due to disturbance and if this was mostly from boys, and how the badly behaved pupils react to the good kids, do they bully them? Also I will be looking at the way that the boys contribute to the lessons, are they keen to learn? This will show that the boys are behaving in a â€Å"laddish† way, which operationalises my first concept. However before I officially observe the classes I will conduct a pilot study in which I will test the efficiency of my observational framework. In this research I will be observing four English classes all in year 11. all four classes will be observed in the second period of the morning through the week, as pupils tend to be more focused in the morning on a Monday compare to a morning on a Friday. Before I can observe a class I will need to gain permission from the subject teacher. Then I will enter the classroom before the pupils get there and sit somewhere unobtrusive where hopefully students will not pay too much attention to me, which would also improve my data. Whilst observing the class I might also come across situations where issues of confidentiality are raised. Potential problems Potential problems that could be met while conducting my research are that the behaviour of some pupils and teachers might change as the sense the presence of a stranger in the classroom. This could mean that I will not be obtaining accurate or valid data to show why boys are underachieving in education. The data obtained will be qualitative which means that I will not be able generalise the findings to the wider society, which means that my study will lack ecological validity. Another problem could be getting the permission to observe these classes, the teacher might not be comfortable with the fact that I will be observing their class while they are teaching and so refuse me access, leaving me with no data. Also there might be timetabling issues, which means that I may not be able to observe the class I intended to, because my timetable might not let me, as I can also have lessons at that particular period of the day. While observing the class I will record my findings on an observational framework and as I am doing this I might miss some crucial events that have taken place while I was recording my data. Due to this I might also end up being biased and focus only on certain events or even add my own interpretations to actions, which means that I will be selective as I am trying to prove a point. During the time I am in the classroom observing I may come across an event that has taken place in my presence which is serious and so automatically I am put in a position where I have to take a certain action which can be: do I report what has happened, or do I keep it to myself as the teacher has allowed into their classroom, do they expect me to be trustworthy? So issues of confidentiality may arise.

The Old Man and the Sea Tragic Hero with a Tragic Flaw Essay

The Old Man and the Sea In the novel â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† the main character, Santiago is a tragic hero with a tragic flaw. His hubris ultimately leads him to triumph for a few reasons. Santiago’s hubris helps him to develop into a passionate, optimistic and determined individual, this is what ultimately helps lead him to his triumph. Santiago was not only proud but he was also very passionate in fishing. This is evident in his statement, â€Å"I must be worthy of the great DiMaggio who does all things perfectly even with the bone spur in his heel.† (68). This quote is indirect however it displays Santiago’s passion. It is evident that Santiago’s passion for fishing derives from his long history of engaging in the activity as well†¦show more content†¦This quote shows that despite his weariness and weather conditions, like his hero DiMaggio and any hero in general, every individual must endure harsh experiences in order to succeed and to accomplish one’s goals. This also helps Santiago in the long run because his determination spurred optimism, this ultimately helps lead him to triumph. From the beginning of this novel, Santiago’s pride, passion, and determination is accompanied with optimism as well. Santiago’s optimism is evident in the quote â€Å"‘Eighty-five is a lucky number,’the old man said. ‘How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?’† (16). This clearly shows Santiago’s optimism about the journey he is about. This quote also reflects Santiago’s pride due to the fact that after forty days without any success in catching fish, the young boy’s, Manolin’s, parents say that the old man is salao, also known as the worst form of luck. This is extremely detrimental to the old man’s pride, therefore he wants to prove that he is not salao, so with optimism he is able to bandage his wounds to become even more passionate and determined than ever before. 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